- Live,
- Studio
- Live Studio
- coverage of action,
- constraints of studio or local environment
- multi-camera simultaneous recording coverage of action (live and spontaneous)
- visual styles & modes of address
- maintaining viewer interest
- communicating meaning to the viewer
The visual style and mode of
address is all down to the atmosphere that the programme would like to have, and
by having multiple camera's around they can cut to all different shots and shot
types whenever they feel the need to, so that they can get the right feeling
and mood for the audience for example at the time code 14:06 you see the adversary between the two players which gives the atmosphere of tense for the viewers watching, and also so they can show how the players are
feeling at the time, for example at the time
code 19:48 you see Serena Williams looking determined to win the finals , however
at the time code
20:02 you see Maria Sharapova looking annoyed as she lost a point in first minute of the game. This match
maintains the viewer’s interests by showing close ups of the players and also
long shots of the actual match taking place, this maintains the viewer’s
interests as the audience watching at home know how the players feel if they
lose or gain a point during the match, for example at the time code 20:09 you see Serena Williams reaction
to when she score a point during a set. By having the close ups of the players
faces once a point has been scored makes the audience watching feel more
involved in the match which is communicating meaning to the viewer's as they can see how the player is feeling at the time,
for example at the time code
20:43 you see Maria Sharapova lose a
point and the audience can see how upset they are which makes it more engaging
for them.
Practical
Practical
This clip
(sport) uses multi-camera for several different practical reasons one of which is
coverage of action by coverage of action I mean that they are able to cover all
of the action taking place during this match, this is so that you can get
different shots of what is going on in the game, however if there was only one
camera the show would not be able to get the reactions from the players once
they have scored a point, for example at the time code
21:35 you see the reaction from Serena Williams once she
lost a point. By having several cameras’ the show can pick up the full court
as well as having close ups of the players, for example at the time code 19:39 you see the full court then at
the time
code 19:45 you see a
close up of one of the players. The court is a significant size therefor it
uses more than one camera so that it can get more than one shot at the same
time for example at the time code
19:39 you see a
full shot of the court and then a shot of the player, however if they only had
one camera they would not be able to get the players reactions or the audiences
reaction as they would have to film the whole court. The clip has to be
filmed using multi-camera as it is live, the reason for this is that once an
action has happened you cannot stop filming and go to record a reaction or a
shot as it cannot be done again as it has not been rehearsed for example at the time code 21:42 you see Maria Sharapova trying to keep her cool whilst going to serve again and you could not
stop recording and tell them to do the same reaction again as it will not be
realistic. The advantages to using multi-camera in a tennis match is that the producers can get several different shots at once without having to move the camera around and missing important parts of the game, also by using multi-camera it makes the match look more interesting, however a disadvantage is that by using multi-camera it could cost more as they have to use more camera's and hire more people to film the match.
Aesthetic - Concerts (Sam Smith & John Legend)The visual style and mode of address of this concert is quite slow and calm as the song is also slow and calm and you can see this from the time code 0:24 as the shot is an establishing shot of the studio and the movement is a slow crane this sets the mood for the audience as slow and calm were as if they were to use a whip crane the atmosphere would be connoted as lively and fast paced. This concert maintains the viewers interests as the camera movements and cuts are quite slow so it keeps the audience involved as they get a feeling of how the mood of the song is supposed to be and also how the artist's singing are feeling whilst performing to the audience, at the time for example at the time code 0:47 - 0:51 it is a close up of Sam smith with the camera slowly moving towards him. This concert is communicating meaning to the viewer as the camera movement is very slow paced and at the time code 1:02 you see a close up of Sam Smith and he looks like his eyes are watering this could connote to the viewers that what he is singing means quite a lot to him and the audience could then feel how he feels, however if there was only one camera they would not be able to communicating meaning to the viewer's as there would only be one shot and not close up's of his face.
Practical
One practical reason for this concert using multi-camera is the coverage of action and this means getting all the action that happens in several different shots without missing anything, for example at the time code 1:02 you see the close up of Sam Smiths face looking like he is about to cry and by having multi-camera it is engaging the audience more as they can see how much it means to him, were as if they only had one camera they would not be able to show the artists are feeling during the performance. The studio is a significant size which means that they would have to use multi-camera so that they can get more than on shot of the artists and the audience and host, for example at the time code 0:24 there is an establishing shot of the studio which then moves into a crane that shows the audience, the stage and the artists, however if they one had one camera they would not be able to show the size of the studio and were the audience are. This concert has to be filmed using multi-camera as it is live, which means that once something has happened they cannot go back and record it again as it is not something that can be done again, for example at the time code 2:38 you see John Legend showing a lot of emotion and you could not stop recording and tell him to show that emotion again as it is not acted out. The advantage of using multi-camera for this is that you can cover a lot of different places in the studio and also get different shots of the performers, however a disadvantage of this is that they would have to spend more money as there will be more people working the camera's to make the show more engaging for the audience.
Aesthetic - Public Event (Mandela Funeral)
The visual style and mode of address of this public event is formal as there are no fancy camera movements, for example at the time code 0:41 it is an establishing shot of the air field, however there is no movement that goes closer to the plane of the people taking the coffin out , there is just a slow cut to connote that this is a formal public event. This is maintaining the viewer's interests as at the time code 2:52 it is a close up of the family all sitting down and this can maintain the viewers interests as they could imagine how upsetting it must be for the family to know that he is dead and also to see the coffin, also at the time code 3:48 you see the men with the guns and this can maintain the viewers interest as they can see how appreciated Mandela was to the country.This public event communicates meaning to the viewers by showing the close up of the family and friends at the time code 2:52 as it shows to the viewers that this is a sad time for the family and friends of Mandela and also at the time code 4:58 you see another close up of the family and you can see how upset they look which could connote to the viewers that Mandela meant a lot to them and it is something that is upsetting.
Practical
This public event used multi-camera so that it cover the action during the funeral, and this was to cover everything that went on during the funeral, for example at the time code 3:07 you see the men with the coffin by the car and without using multi-camera they would not be able to get that shot and have another shot as well as the family in a close up at the time code 2:52. The airport is quite large which means that they had to use multi-camera to get different shot types and movements for example at the beginning time code 0:46 there is an establishing shot which then moves on to a close up of the men rolling the coffin, and if they only had one camera it would not be possible to do that without having to stop recording and possible miss important parts. This public event had to be filmed using multi-camera as it is live and without having multi-camera they would not be able to get important footage without missing it by using single camera, for example with the footage of the family looking depresses time code 4:58 you could not stop recording something else and then tell the family to look depressed again as it would not look realistic enough for the viewers watching. The advantage of using multi-camera is that you can get a lot of shots that would have been missed by using one camera, however by using multi-camera they producers would have to pay more people as more camera's would have to be operated to get full action coverage.
Aesthetic - Game Shows (Total Wipeout)
The visual style and mode of address of this show is quite fast paced and exciting, for example at the time code 0:08 - 0:17, there are a lot of fast cuts which makes the show look more exciting and fun for the viewers that are watching and also the camera movement is quite fast so it makes it more exciting for the viewers as they would think that the show is going to be exciting.This show maintains the viewers interests by showing how determined the participants are at the beginning, for example at the time code 3:06 you see the first girl and how determined she looks, they also maintain the viewers interests by showing them once they did not pass the course and how they feel about it for example at the time code 6:38, it also makes the viewers want to watch this show by having the fast cuts which makes it more engaging for the audience to watch as there is not the same shot on the screen for a long period of time. This show communicates meaning to the viewers as once someone has fallen off of something they repeat it several times for example at the time code 8:12 so that the audience watching can feel the pain and can also be entertained by how they fell which will engage them to watch more of the game show as there could be more things like that happening during the show.
Practical
This show uses multi-camera for few practical reasons, one of which being coverage of action and this is being able to cover all the action that is going on in the show, for example at the time code 8:08 you see the player falling, and if the show did not use multi camera they would not be able to get all the different angles to reply the fall several times to make it look painful for the viewers watching. Where the show is placed outside it is very large as there are different courses that the players have to get through, for example at the time code 1:08 you see a establishing shot which moves around to show you the other parts of the course and then a shots of the other course if they pass the first one, however if there was only one camera they would not be able to get different shots of the course and different parts of the courses and of the hosts and players participating. This show has to be filmed using multi-camera as it is live and if someone falls funny or does a funny dance before they start, you could not stop recording and tell them to do it again so you can record again from a different angle as it would not look realistic, for example at the time code 3:19 you see the host laughing and if you only had one camera you could not stop recording and tell her to laugh again as it would not be realistic. The advantage of using multi-camera is that the producers have more shots to chose from when editing the footage to make it look more interesting for the viewers, however by having too much footage the producers may be in two split minds on what shot to use or could choose the wrong type of shot for the scene being played at the time.
Aesthetic - Chat Show (Jeremy Kyle)
The visual style and mode of address of this show depends on the atmosphere the producer is looking for so if there was an argument there is a lie detector result the camera stays on the person for quite a while to make it more tense for the audience watching, for example at the time code 4:14 till 4:21 the shot changes several times so that it is more interesting and engaging for the audience watching at home. The Jeremy Kyle show maintains the viewers interest as they show close ups of the host, the audience and also the people that have come on the show to find out things about each other, by seeing the close ups of Jeremy Kyle's face when reading out a lie detector result the audience can get a distinct feeling to what Jeremy Kyle is going to say to the people on the show, for example at the time code 4:35 you see a close up of Jeremy Kyle whilst listening to the two girls arguing. This chat show communicates meaning to the viewers by showing the close ups, of Jeremy Kyle to see his reaction to the results for example at the time code 5:12 ,you see Jeremy Kyle's face once speaking to the girls on stage this then gives the viewer more of a feeling of what Jeremy Kyle is feeling.
Practical
The chat show Jeremy Kyle uses multi-camera for several different practical reasons, one of which is coverage of action, at the time code 2:09 you can see the audience reaction to what one of the girls said, however if there was only one camera you would not be able to see the audience reaction, by this chat show having various angles you can get all the detailed shots recorded the same time as the other shots which then makes it more interesting for the viewers at home watching for example at the time code 1;43 the shot changes from close up to a two shot and then at the time code 1:48 you then see Jeremy Kyle waiting for the girl to answer his question. The constraints on the studio is that it is large and that people tend to run around the studio which then means that they have to use more than one camera so that they can get all the detail needed to keep the viewers watching the show for example at the time code 1:52 you see the fiance looking quite angry and then see Jeremy Kyle and one of the girls , however if they only had one camera it would be hard to get everyone reactions as you can not stop recording as it is not something that has been rehearsed. They would also use multi camera so that they can get a full shot of the studio for example at the time code 0:31 you see a full shot of the studio. The Jeremy Kyle show has to be filmed using multi-camera as it is a live show, the reason for this is because once a piece of action has happened, you can not stop it and go back to it as it is not been rehearsed for example at the time code 2:09 you see the audience reaction and you could not stop and record it again as it would not look realistic and the viewers would think that it is acted out. The advantage of using multi-camera is that it makes the program more engaging for the viewers were as if you only had one camera it would boring, however the disadvantage of using multi-camera in a chat show is that there are a lot of camera's on the same shot to choose from and the director could chose a shot that does not give the audience any communication to how that person is feeling.
Aesthetic - Magazine Show (106 & Park)
The visual style and mode of address for this show is calm and relaxed and informal and we can see this from the slow and calm cuts that are being made, for example at the time code 0:08 - 0:13 the cut is slow and calm so it makes the viewers feel relaxed whilst watching the programme and this is the atmosphere that the producers want for the audience watching at home. This maintains the viewers interests as the cuts have been done so that the viewers can see the reaction to what the other person has said for example at the time code 0:11 - 0:14 you see Ray J say something to Erica Mena and then you see her reaction and this maintains the viewers interests as they can see what the person is actually thinking at that specific time. This magazine show communicates meaning to the viewers as at the time code 0:19 you see Erica Mena moving her hands and rolling her eyes a lot and this could connote to the viewers that she is quite frustrated and annoyed however she smiles so she could also be happy so by having multi-camera the viewers can visually see different expressions on the people who are on the shows face to get a idea on how they feel which also makes them more engaged in the programme as they know how she is feeling at the time whilst the show is going on.
Practical
This magazine show uses multi-camera for coverage of action as when using several camera's the producers can get several different shots and shot types which then means they can use different shots to mean different things, for example at the time code 0:26 the camera follows round the stage whilst the host is speaking which makes it more tense as it is moving quite slow, however if there was only one camera they would not be able to do that as they would only have one camera on the interview itself. The studio is a significant size which means that multi-camera is the better option as if there was only one camera they would not be able to switch from the host to shots of them both together to the audience for example at the time code 0:46 the camera movement is low and then comes closer to the hosts sitting on the chairs, however if there was only one camera they would not be able to do that as the audience would feel to far from the hosts, this also makes the viewers feel more engaged as the camera gets closer to the hosts as they are closer to them. This magazine show has to be filmed using multi-camera as it is live which means that once something has happened or someone has said something and someone is laughing they can not stop recording and tell them to do that action again as it would not be realistic, for example at the time code 0:57 Erica Mena is thinking and if she got told to do that face again it would not look realistic as she would be trying to put it on. The advantages of filming this show using multi-camera is that the producers can get the reactions of the people from different shots and angles which they can chose from to make it more interesting and engaging for the audience, however a negative to using multi-camera is that it will cost a lot more as they have to get more people to operate all of the camera's needed.
Aesthetic - Talent Show (BGT Live)
The visual style and mode of address for this show is quite tense and we can see this from the time code 0:27 as the camera is moving quite slow and is staying on the people for quite a while to make the shots look more tense for the viewers watching on the TV, this will be more engaging for the audience as they will want to know what is going to happen during this show. This show maintains the viewers interests as throughout the programme there are different shots of the judges and hosts and people participating in the talent show this makes it more interesting for the audience as the shots change and are not on the same shot for the whole programme for example at the time code 0:26 till 0:38 the shot changes several times, however if there was only one camera they would not be able to record all these things whilst getting the reaction needed. This show communicates meaning to the viewers as when its a close up of a judge or the audience or the person participating the viewers watching can visually see by the peoples facial expressions how they are feeling about the performance or decision made for example at the time code 1:35 you see the groups reaction to not getting through, and from this the audience can see that the group was happy that they made it that far and was not to upset about what had just happened.
Practical
This talent show uses multi-camera for several different reasons on of which being coverage of action and this is so that whilst a performance is going on or whilst the judges are making a decision they can get all different reactions at the same time, for example at the time code 1:44 you see the woman and man looking nervouse as he shakes her which gets the viewers more engaged in the programme as they can relate to how they are feeling, however if there was only one camera they would not be able to get the different reactions at the same time. The arena is a large size which means that they have to use multi-camera to get every detail in the show for example at the time code 0:16 you see a close up cran of the stage, however if there was only one camera they would not be able to do it which would make the programme less engaging for the viewers watching. This talent show has to be filmed using multi-camera as it is live which means that to get all the details and reactions needed they could not use single camera as they would have to stop recording and miss some important reactions to get different shots of the show for example at the time code 5:20 you see the groups reaction to winning the BGT 2014 finals and you could not stop recording and go to a close up of one of the judges and say can you do that reaction again as it would not be realistic. The advantages of using multi-camera is that the producers will get a lot of footage to choose from to make the show more interesting and engaging for the audience, however a disadvantage to using multi-camera is that it will cost more money as they have to get more people to operate the camera and also there are a lot of shots to choose from which could mean that the producers could choose the wrong shot for a certain scene.
